Abstract

We report a case of isolated tuberculous epididymoorchitis developing in a patient after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Forty-four-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with scrotal pain and swelling 6 months after an allogeneic HSCT using a fully-matched sibling donor because of his acute myeloid leukemia. There were scrotal tenderness, thickening and erythema on the right side. Brucella standard tube agglutination test was negative. Increased scrotal skin thickening, edema in the right epididymis and increased testicular vascularization were detected on ultrasonography. He was readmitted to our hospital with recurrent scrotal pain after 3 months of partial improvement with oral ciprofloxacin administered for a diagnosis of right epididymoorchitis. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral epididymoorchitis and scrotal abscess. Acid fast bacilli were detected on Ehrlich-Ziehl-Neelsen staining of the content of abscesses drained under local anesthesia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was isolated on the 24th day of quadruple antituberculosis therapy. Scrotal fistula developed on the first month of therapy which healed spontaneously after discontinuation of immunosuppressive agents. Full recovery was achieved after six months of antituberculosis therapy. As a result, tuberculous epididymoorchitis should be kept in mind in the presence of chronic epididymoorchitis developing in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.